Which scientific discipline studies the structure and function of living organisms?

The study of the structure and function of living organisms falls within the field of biology. Biology encompasses a wide range of topics related to life, including anatomy, physiology, ecology, genetics, and evolution. By examining organisms, biologists can understand how they function, how they interact with their environment, and how they evolve over time.

In contrast, physics focuses on the fundamental principles governing energy and matter, which does not directly address living organisms. Chemistry is centered on the composition, structure, properties, and changes of matter, including the chemical processes that occur within living organisms but does not specifically concentrate on the organisms themselves. Geology studies the Earth, its substances, history, and processes, which are unrelated to the study of living organisms.

Thus, biology is indeed the discipline that specifically investigates both the structure and the function of living organisms, making it the correct choice in this instance.